How does quantum mechanics explain the behavior of particles?

According to classical mechanics light act as wave but quantum mechanics proved that light has dual nature it can act as wave and particle as well. Photoelectric effect and Compton effect prove the particle nature.

Quantum mechanics describes particle behaviour by treating them as both particles and waves, and it predicts their behaviour using mathematical equations. It introduces the concept of "probability" and explains particles in terms of alternative outcomes' probabilities rather than definite attributes. It also includes the idea of "quantized" energy levels, which means that energy is transported and released in discrete amounts known as "quanta." Overall, quantum mechanics provides a framework for understanding and predicting the behaviour of very small particles.

Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that describes the behavior of particles at the microscopic scale, such as atoms and subatomic particles. It is a mathematical framework that provides probabilistic predictions rather than deterministic ones, unlike classical physics. At the heart of quantum mechanics is the concept of wave-particle duality. It suggests that particles, such as electrons or photons, can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. Instead of having well-defined positions and velocities, particles are described by wavefunctions, which are mathematical functions that represent the probability distribution of a particle’s properties, like its position or momentum.

Hi Quantum mechanics is the explanation of the behaviour of particles in ever decreasing terms. From atom to atom

Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that deals with the behavior of particles at the smallest scales, such as atoms and subatomic particles. It provides a framework for understanding their peculiar behaviors, which often differ from what we observe in everyday life.

Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that describes the behavior of particles at the microscopic level, such as atoms, electrons, and photons. It provides a mathematical framework to understand and predict their behavior, which often differs from our intuitive understanding based on classical physics. At the heart of quantum mechanics is the concept of wave-particle duality. According to this principle, particles such as electrons can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. They can be described by a mathematical entity called a wavefunction, which represents the probability distribution of finding the particle in different states. The behavior of particles in quantum mechanics is governed by a set of fundamental principles, including: Superposition: A particle can exist in multiple states or locations simultaneously. The wavefunction of a particle can be a combination of different states, and it evolves according to a mathematical equation called the Schrödinger equation. Measurement and Collapse of the Wavefunction: When a measurement is made on a particle, the wavefunction "collapses" into one of the possible states, and the particle is observed to have a specific value for the measured property. The outcome of the measurement is probabilistic, and the probabilities are determined by the squared amplitudes of the wavefunction. Uncertainty Principle: There is a fundamental limit to the precision with which certain pairs of properties, such as position and momentum, can be simultaneously known. This implies that the more precisely one property is measured, the less precisely the other can be known. Quantum Entanglement: When two or more particles become entangled, their wavefunctions become linked in such a way that the state of one particle is dependent on the state of the others, regardless of the distance between them. This phenomenon is often referred to as "spooky action at a distance" and has been experimentally verified. Quantum mechanics provides a probabilistic framework to calculate the outcomes of measurements and predict the behavior of particles in various physical systems. It has been highly successful in explaining a wide range of phenomena, from the behavior of atoms and molecules to the properties of elementary particles.

Wave-particle duality is a cornerstone of quantum mechanics, which is our modern theory of how subatomic particles behave. The duality states that all particles (in fact, all objects) have a wave-like property associated with them.

Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that studies the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic level. It explains the behavior of particles through the use of mathematical equations and models, which take into account the wave-particle duality of matter. In quantum mechanics, particles are described as waves of probability, and their behavior is determined by the laws of probability and uncertainty. This theory has been used to explain a wide range of phenomena, including the behavior of atoms, the properties of materials, and the behavior of light

There is a lot of depth regarding Quantum mechanics playing its role in explaining the behavior of particles. At the intermediate level, we mostly deal with the duality nature of particles. At the atomic and subatomic levels; we mostly distinguish particles as per their wave nature. So for wave nature; diffraction, interference, and polarization are the most important factors while for particle nature reflection, refraction, photoelectric effect will be observed.

Quantum mechanics is the study of the atomic and subatomic world, where classical mechanics fail. For particles, quantum mechanics can give you an insight of their probability of existence in a certain position, or their momentum. It shows you the possible interactions that might occur between them and helps you predict which one is more probable. Quantum mechanics can also help you study the energy exchange between particles which is essential to the creation of new particles. This is a brief description of how quantum mechanics explains the behavior of particles in general.

Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that describes the behavior of particles at the microscopic level. It introduces the concept of wave-particle duality, suggesting that particles can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. Quantum mechanics uses mathematical equations called wave functions to represent the probability distributions of particles' properties, such as position and momentum. The uncertainty principle states that there is a fundamental limit to the precision with which certain pairs of properties, such as position and momentum, can be simultaneously known. Quantum mechanics also incorporates the idea of superposition, where particles can exist in multiple states simultaneously until measured, and entanglement, where particles become correlated in a way that their properties are instantly connected regardless of distance.

A particle is a quantum of a field, i/e an electron is a quantum of the electron field. For every fundamental particle (like the electron) there is a fundamental field.

uantum mechanics is a branch of physics that describes the behavior of particles at the microscopic scale, such as atoms, electrons, and photons. It provides a mathematical framework and set of principles that govern the behavior of these particles, including their wave-particle duality, uncertainty, and probabilistic nature. Here are some key concepts of quantum mechanics that explain the behavior of particles: Wave-Particle Duality: Quantum mechanics introduces the concept that particles can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. This means that particles, such as electrons or photons, can exhibit characteristics of both waves and particles depending on the experiment or observation. This duality is captured by wavefunctions, which describe the probability distribution of a particle's position or other properties. Superposition: According to quantum mechanics, particles can exist in a superposition of multiple states simultaneously. For example, an electron can be in a superposition of spin-up and spin-down states. This superposition is represented by a linear combination of the individual states, and when measured, the particle collapses into one of the possible states with a certain probability. Uncertainty Principle: The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that it is impossible to simultaneously measure certain pairs of properties, such as position and momentum, with arbitrary precision. The more precisely one property is measured, the less precisely the other can be known. This principle arises from the inherent wave-like nature of particles and sets fundamental limits on the precision of measurements. Probability and Measurement: Quantum mechanics predicts the outcome of measurements probabilistically. The wavefunction of a particle provides the probability distribution for the possible outcomes of a measurement. When a measurement is made, the wavefunction collapses to a single state corresponding to the observed value. The probability of obtaining a particular outcome is determined by the squared magnitude of the wavefunction (described by Born's rule). Quantum Entanglement: Quantum mechanics allows for the phenomenon of entanglement, where the properties of two or more particles become correlated in such a way that the state of one particle cannot be described independently of the others. Changes to the state of one entangled particle instantaneously affect the state of the others, regardless of the distance between them. This has been experimentally verified through various tests of Bell's inequality. These concepts and principles of quantum mechanics provide a framework for understanding and predicting the behavior of particles at the microscopic level. While quantum mechanics can be counterintuitive compared to classical physics, it has been incredibly successful in explaining and predicting a wide range of phenomena observed in experiments, and it forms the basis for numerous technological applications, such as quantum computing and quantum cryptography.

Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that deals with the behavior of particles at the smallest scales, such as atoms and subatomic particles. It provides a mathematical framework to describe and understand their peculiar behavior. According to quantum mechanics, particles like electrons do not have well-defined properties, such as position or momentum, until they are measured. Instead, they exist in a state of superposition, meaning they can be in multiple states simultaneously. This is often illustrated by the famous example of Schrödinger's cat, which can be both alive and dead until observed. Furthermore, quantum mechanics introduces the concept of wave-particle duality, suggesting that particles can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. This is captured by the wave function, which describes the probability distribution of finding a particle in different states. Quantum mechanics also includes the principle of uncertainty, expressed through Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. It states that certain pairs of properties, such as position and momentum, cannot be precisely measured simultaneously. There is always a fundamental limit to the precision with which these properties can be known. To explain the behavior of particles, quantum mechanics relies on mathematical equations, such as the Schrödinger equation, which describes how the wave function evolves over time. These equations allow us to calculate probabilities and make predictions about the behavior of particles in various physical systems. It's important to note that quantum mechanics can be quite abstract and counterintuitive compared to our everyday experiences. However, it has been extensively tested and has proven to be an incredibly successful theory in explaining the behavior of particles at the microscopic level.

Quantum mechanical explanation of photo electric effect

There are few key concepts of quantum mechanics that explain the behaviour of particles at the microscopic level. The theory provides a mathematical framework to successfully describe and predict the behaviour of particles. Wave-Particle Duality: Quantum mechanics introduces the concept of wave-particle duality, which states that particles, such as electrons and photons, can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. They can behave as waves that exhibit interference and diffraction patterns, as well as particles with localized positions. Uncertainty Principle: The uncertainty principle, formulated by Werner Heisenberg, states that there is a fundamental limit to the precision with which certain pairs of physical properties, such as position and momentum, can be known simultaneously. Superposition: Quantum mechanics allows for the superposition of states. This means that particles can exist in multiple states simultaneously. Quantum States and Wave Functions: The state of a particle in quantum mechanics is described by a mathematical entity called a wave function or quantum state. The wave function contains information about the probabilities of different outcomes when a measurement is made. Quantum Measurement: According to quantum mechanics, the act of measurement disturbs the system being measured. When a measurement is made, the wave function collapses to one of the possible outcomes, determined by the probabilities encoded in the wave function. Quantum Entanglement: Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon where two or more particles become correlated in such a way that the state of one particle cannot be described independently of the others.

Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that explains the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic levels. It introduces several key principles: Wave-particle duality: Particles like electrons and photons can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior. Uncertainty principle: It is impossible to simultaneously know the exact position and momentum of a particle with perfect accuracy. Superposition: Particles can exist in multiple states simultaneously until measured, and the act of measurement "collapses" the wavefunction into a single state. Quantum entanglement: Particles can become linked in a way that the state of one particle is instantaneously connected to the state of another, regardless of distance. These principles underpin the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics, allowing for phenomena such as quantum tunneling and quantum interference.

1. Introduction to quantum mechanics: quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that deals with the behavior of microscopic particles at the quantum level. It is a framework used to understand and describe the strange and counterintuitive properties exhibited by particles. 2. Wave-particle duality: One of the fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics is the concept of wave-particle duality. This means that particles, such as electrons or photons, can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. They can behave as waves, characterized by interference and diffraction, and also as particles, localized in space. 3. Uncertainty principle: which is a cornerstone of quantum mechanics. This principle, formulated by Werner Heisenberg, states that it is not possible to simultaneously know both the precise position and momentum (or velocity) of a particle. The more accurately one property is measured, the less accurately the other can be known. This inherent uncertainty is a fundamental characteristic of quantum particles. 4. Probability and wave functions: quantum mechanics uses the concept of probability to describe the behavior of particles. Instead of deterministic trajectories, the position and other properties of particles are described by wave functions. These mathematical functions provide a probability distribution of where a particle is likely to be found. The square magnitude of the wave function gives the probability density of finding the particle at a certain location. 5. Schrödinger equation: the evolution of wave functions with time is governed by the Schrödinger equation. It is a differential equation that describes how the wave function changes in response to the potential energy in the system. The solutions to this equation give the possible wave functions and corresponding energies that a particle can have. 6. Superposition and wave interference: this concept of superposition, which states that particles can exist in multiple states simultaneously. This means that a particle can be in a combination of different states or positions at the same time. When two or more wave functions interact, they can interfere constructively or destructively, leading to phenomena like particle-wave interference, where particles display wave-like behavior. 7. Quantum measurement: when a measurement is made on a quantum system, the wave function collapses to a specific state or measurement outcome. The measurement process is inherently probabilistic, with the probabilities of different outcomes determined by the wave function. This introduces the concept of wave function collapse and the role of observations in quantum mechanics. 8. Quantum phenomena: quantum phenomena are explained by quantum mechanics, such as tunneling, where particles can penetrate through barriers that classical physics would deem impassable, and quantum entanglement, where particles become correlated in ways that cannot be explained by classical physics. 9. Experimental evidence: Though there are some experimental evidence that supports the predictions of quantum mechanics, such as the double-slit experiment, which demonstrates the wave-particle duality of particles, and the Stern-Gerlach experiment, which shows the quantized nature of particle spin. 10. Applications and significance: The wide-ranging applications of quantum mechanics, from understanding the behavior of atoms and molecules to the development of technologies like quantum computing and quantum cryptography.

Quantum mechanics explains the behavior of particles by considering their wave-particle duality, probabilistic nature, superposition, uncertainty principle, and entanglement. It describes particles as having both wave-like and particle-like properties, with their behavior governed by probabilities. The theory introduces the concept of superposition, where particles can exist in multiple states simultaneously. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle states that certain properties of particles cannot be precisely known at the same time. Entanglement refers to the correlation between particles, where the state of one particle is dependent on the state of another. Quantum mechanics provides a mathematical framework to understand and predict the behavior of particles, playing a crucial role in modern physics.

Quantum mechanics explains the behavior of particles by considering them as both particles and waves. It introduces concepts like wavefunctions, superposition (particles existing in multiple states simultaneously), entanglement (correlation between particles regardless of distance), and uncertainty (limits on simultaneous measurement of certain properties). This probabilistic framework has successfully explained various phenomena at the microscopic level.

Quantum mechanics (QM) is the physics framework that describes the behavior of particles at the microscopic level, such as atoms and subatomic particles. It provides a mathematical framework to understand and predict their behavior. One of the key principles of quantum mechanics is wave-particle duality, which states that particles can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. This means that particles, such as electrons or photons, can behave as both discrete entities (particles) and spread out waves. The behavior of particles in quantum mechanics is described by a mathematical equation called the wave function. The wave function represents the probability distribution of finding a particle in different states or locations. It gives information about the likelihood of finding a particle at a particular position or with a specific energy. According to quantum mechanics, particles do not have definite properties until they are measured or observed. Instead, they exist in superposition, meaning they can be in multiple states simultaneously. For example, an electron can be in multiple places at once until it is observed and its position collapses into one specific location. Another important concept in quantum mechanics is entanglement. When two or more particles become entangled, their properties become correlated regardless of the distance between them. This phenomenon has been experimentally verified and has implications for technologies such as quantum computing and cryptography. Overall, quantum mechanics explains the behavior of particles through probabilistic calculations using wave functions and describes phenomena like superposition and entanglement that are not observed in classical physics.

Quantum mechanics fundamentally explains that particles have wave properties, as well as behaving like a typical particle. Sufficiently light particles like electrons have an associated De Broglie wavelength that leads to noticeable diffraction patterns when passing electrons one at a time through an aperture. This demonstrates the wave-like properties of particles.

Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that studies particle behaviour at the tiny level. It offers a foundation for comprehending the unusual features and interactions of particles like electrons and photons. Particle behavior is explained by quantum physics through wave-particle duality, in which particles can have both wave-like and particle-like features. The concept of wavefunctions is introduced in the theory, which explains the probability distribution of a particle's attributes such as location, momentum, and energy. Quantum mechanics also introduces the concept of superposition, which states that particles can exist in several states at the same time until they are measured or detected. This results in phenomena like particle interference and quantum entanglement, in which particle states become correlated regardless of distance. Furthermore, quantum mechanics introduces the uncertainty principle, which asserts that the precision with which some pairs of attributes, such as position and momentum, can be simultaneously understood has inherent constraints. The wave-like behavior of particles causes this ambiguity.

Tiny particles can behave like waves, so that those passing through one slit “interfere” with those going through the other, their wavy ripples either boosting or cancelling one another to create a characteristic pattern on a detector screen

Quantum mechanics explained the behaviour of particles as wave that joined together to form packet of electromagnetic energy called "Photon". Behaviour of particles can be observed from metals that ejected free electron. During the process of ejected free electron, a packet of particles in wave form is produced as the electron in a higher than normal orbit falls back to its normal orbit. During the fall from high energy level to normal energy level, the electron emits a packet of particles(also known as photon) which is observed to behave as wave (Max Planck, 1900)

Quantum mechanics explains that particles, such as electrons and photons, can exhibit both particle-like and wave-like properties. This means that they can behave as discrete particles with well-defined positions and momenta, as well as exhibit characteristics of waves with properties like interference and diffraction. Quantum mechanics introduces the concept of energy quantization, which means that particles can only possess specific energy values or levels. For example, electrons in an atom can exist only in certain allowed energy levels called orbitals or shells. The uncertainty principle states that there is a fundamental limit to how precisely certain properties of particles, such as position and momentum, can be known simultaneously. It means that the more accurately we measure one property, the less accurately we can know the other property. Quantum mechanics uses the concept of probability to describe the behavior of particles. Rather than predicting exact outcomes, quantum mechanics provides probabilities for various properties of particles. The behavior of particles is described by a mathematical function called the wave function, which contains information about the probability distribution of possible outcomes. Quantum mechanics allows particles to exist in a state of superposition, where they can simultaneously occupy multiple states or locations. For example, an electron can be in a superposition of different energy levels until it is observed or measured, at which point it "collapses" into a specific state. According to quantum mechanics, the act of measurement or observation causes the wave function to collapse into a single definite state. This means that the particle's properties become well-defined only when they are measured, and until then, they exist in a range of possibilities.

In regular physics, which we learn in school, we often think of tiny particles as tiny billiard balls that follow specific paths and rules. However, in the world of very tiny particles, like atoms and electrons, things get much more mysterious and strange. Quantum mechanics is like a magical set of rules for these tiny particles. Instead of behaving like billiard balls, they act more like wavy and jumpy things. Imagine you throw a small stone into a calm pond – it creates ripples that spread out in all directions. That's a bit like how tiny particles behave, as both particles and waves at the same time! One of the strange things about these particles is that they can be in two places at once. It's like if you had a magic clone that could be in two different rooms at the same time. This is called superposition, and it's a key idea in quantum mechanics. Another cool thing is that these particles can do something called quantum tunneling. It's like if you magically passed through a closed door without even opening it. These particles can sometimes sneak through barriers that they shouldn't be able to cross! Also, there's the uncertainty principle, which says we can't know everything about these tiny particles at once. It's not because we aren't good enough at measuring, but because they are inherently mysterious and have some secrecy to them! Remember, quantum mechanics is a bit like magic, and even scientists are still trying to understand all of its tricks. But because of this magical science, we have exciting new technologies like super-fast computers and super-precise instruments that help us learn more about our amazing universe!

Through the work of Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Louis de Broglie, Arthur Compton, Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger and many others, current scientific theory holds that all particles exhibit a wave nature and vice versa.

One fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics is that tiny particles can behave like waves, so that those passing through one slit “interfere” with those going through the other, their wavy ripples either boosting or canceling one another to create a characteristic pattern on a detector screen.

Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that deals with the behavior of particles at very tiny scales, such as atoms and subatomic particles. It provides a set of principles and mathematical tools to understand and predict the behavior of these particles. Here are some key concepts that quantum mechanics uses to explain their behavior: Wave-Particle Duality: One of the fundamental concepts in quantum mechanics is the wave-particle duality. It states that particles, such as electrons and photons, can exhibit both particle-like and wave-like properties depending on how they are observed or measured. Probability and Uncertainty: Quantum mechanics introduces the concept of probability into the description of particles. Instead of precisely predicting the exact position and momentum of a particle, quantum mechanics provides probabilities for different outcomes. This inherent uncertainty is described by the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, which states that certain pairs of properties, like position and momentum, cannot be simultaneously known with arbitrary precision. Superposition: Quantum particles can exist in multiple states simultaneously, a phenomenon known as superposition. For example, an electron can be in a superposition of multiple positions or energy states until it is measured or observed, at which point it "collapses" into a specific state. Quantum States and Wavefunctions: The quantum state of a particle is described by a mathematical function called a wavefunction. The wavefunction contains all the information about the probabilities of different outcomes when the particle is measured. Quantum Interference: When particles are in a superposition of states, they can interfere with each other, much like waves. This interference pattern is a key characteristic of quantum behavior and is observed in experiments like the famous double-slit experiment. Entanglement: Entanglement is a phenomenon where the quantum states of two or more particles become correlated in such a way that the state of one particle is directly related to the state of another, regardless of the distance between them. This concept is essential in understanding quantum phenomena like quantum teleportation and quantum computing. In summary, quantum mechanics explains the behavior of particles by considering them as both particles and waves, introducing probabilities and uncertainty into their description, and accounting for phenomena such as superposition, quantum interference, and entanglement. It provides a powerful framework to understand the behavior of particles at the quantum level, and its predictions have been remarkably successful in explaining a wide range of phenomena observed in the microscopic world.

Hi there Ellie, Below you will find a very brief overview. Before quantum mechanics: - Particles are finite entity - Clearly defined location - Can be visualised like a "ball": clear path, clear destiny, etc. Now, with quantum mechanics: - Consider the electron double-slit experiment (by Jonsson) - Outcome of the experiment: Electrons can behave like a wave!! -> Particles are both particle and wave -> Exact position (or exact velocity) of particles cannot be predicted How can we answer the question "Is the electron (or any particle) a finite entity or is it a wave?" The solution: COPENHAGEN INTERPRETATION According to this interpretation: - Electrons are indeed particles (they are "whole portions", since something like 1/2 electrons cannot exist) - However, the way these particles move can be described by a probability function - Every particle "carries" a probability function in the form of a wave - Once we try to observe the particle, this probability wave function collapses and the particle has to "decide" where to be => In its unobserved form, a particle will always be distributed along space like a wave, and its location can be vaguely estimated via a probability function However, as soon as we observe this particle, it will appear "like a ball" with a defined location (because the wave function collapses) Hope that helps! :-)) - Jenna

Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory in physics that describes the behavior of particles at the smallest scales, such as atoms and subatomic particles. It provides a mathematical framework to understand and predict the behavior of these particles.

Until about a century go Newtonian mechanics did pretty well to explain everything around us. However it was soon discovered that at the atomic and sub-atomic level it fails almost miserably to explain some strange phenomenon. Quantum mechanics was then able to explain these phenomena by giving an object a wave property on top of a particle property. Since then, quantum mechanics has explained pretty well various behaviors of sub-atomic particles. Therefore, quantum mechanics is more of a general physical description whose special case is the so-called classical or Newtonian mechanics.

Quantum mechanics explains the behavior of particles by treating them as both particles and waves. It uses probability to describe their positions and properties, and introduces concepts like superposition (particles existing in multiple states simultaneously) and entanglement (particles being connected regardless of distance).

Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that describes the behavior of particles at the smallest scales, such as atoms and subatomic particles like electrons and photons. In simple terms, it explains that particles don't behave like classical objects (like billiard balls) but rather exhibit strange and unique behaviors. One of the fundamental concepts in quantum mechanics is the wave-particle duality. This means that particles, such as electrons, can behave both as particles and as waves. When we try to observe or measure a particle's position, it behaves like a localized particle. However, when we try to observe its momentum or energy, it behaves like a wave, spreading out over space. Another essential concept is superposition. A particle can exist in multiple states or positions simultaneously until it is observed or measured. For example, an electron can exist in a superposition of different energy levels around an atom until it interacts with something, and then it "collapses" into a definite state. The uncertainty principle is another vital aspect of quantum mechanics. It states that there is a fundamental limit to how precisely we can simultaneously know certain pairs of properties of a particle, like its position and momentum. The more accurately we measure one of these properties, the less accurately we can know the other. Additionally, quantum mechanics introduces the concept of quantization, which means that certain properties of particles, like energy levels, can only take discrete or quantized values rather than continuous ones. Overall, quantum mechanics is a fascinating and counterintuitive theory that helps us understand the behavior of particles at the quantum level, leading to remarkable technological advancements and a deeper understanding of the fundamental nature of our universe.

Calculating work, energy, and power involves using simple formulas based on the principles of physics. Here's a brief explanation of each and the corresponding formulas: Work (W): Work is done when a force is applied to an object, causing it to move a certain distance. The formula for work is: W = F * d * cos(θ) Where: W = Work (measured in joules, J) F = Magnitude of the force applied (measured in newtons, N) d = Displacement (measured in meters, m) θ = The angle between the force and the direction of displacement (if the force is applied at an angle) If the force and displacement are in the same direction, then θ = 0, and cos(0) = 1, so the formula simplifies to W = F * d. Energy (E): Energy is the ability to do work and comes in various forms such as kinetic energy, potential energy, etc. The two main types are: a. Kinetic Energy (KE): Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion. The formula for kinetic energy is: KE = 0.5 * m * v^2 Where: KE = Kinetic Energy (measured in joules, J) m = Mass of the object (measured in kilograms, kg) v = Velocity of the object (measured in meters per second, m/s) b. Potential Energy (PE): Potential energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position in a force field (like gravitational or spring force). The formula for potential energy depends on the specific force field, but for gravitational potential energy near the surface of the Earth, it is given by: PE = m * g * h Where: PE = Potential Energy (measured in joules, J) m = Mass of the object (measured in kilograms, kg) g = Acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.81 m/s^2 on the surface of the Earth) h = Height or vertical displacement from a reference point (measured in meters, m) Power (P): Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. The formula for power is: P = W / t Where: P = Power (measured in watts, W) W = Work done or energy transferred (measured in joules, J) t = Time taken to do the work or transfer the energy (measured in seconds, s) Remember to use consistent units when performing calculations, and always double-check the formulas and values you use. These formulas are the basic ones, and more complex scenarios may require additional considerations.

Hello Ellie 👋 Let's imagine you're playing a video game. In most games, you know exactly where your character is and how fast they're moving. You can predict where they'll be in a few seconds if they keep moving the same way, right? But now, imagine a different, really weird game. In this game, your character is more like a blurry cloud than a solid person. You can't say exactly where your character is, only where they might be. And the faster your character moves, the blurrier they become! In quantum mechanics, particles like electrons and photons behave just like this. Instead of having an exact position and speed, they have a range of possible positions and speeds. And the act of measuring them (like trying to look at them in the game) can actually change their position and speed! Also, in our weird game, your character can do things that seem impossible, like being in two places at the same time or passing through walls! In the quantum world, particles can do this too. And there's another thing called "entanglement" which is like magic telepathy between particles. If two particles are entangled, changing something about one particle instantly changes the other one, no matter how far apart they are! So, quantum mechanics is a bit like a magical, weird video game rules for very tiny particles. It's different from how we see the world, but it helps us understand the strange behavior of tiny particles! Hope you smashed your physics exam 👊

See I won't give you a typical overview of the field. But I will give you an idea how and why it matters. The main problem that confuses physicist is that when you do experiments with light (assuming it to be a wave like thing), such as double slit experiment or a diffraction grating experiment it is consistent with the assumption that it is a wave, but other experiments like photoelectric effect it behaves like somehow it is made up of individual things. This dual behaviour is puzzling and even more puzzling is that you can do all these experiments with electrons which are supposed to be particles and they will also show this dual nature. This confusion lead to the conclusion that everything in the universe is actually neither wave nor particle, its both at the same time and this kind of behaviour is known as Quantum behaviour and thats why we need a new machanism which can deal with such things and that's called Quantum Mechanics.